At the end of 2019 appeared and quickly the new coronavirus of the 2nd type affecting the person causing a tyazhly acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) extended worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) called the disease caused by a new virus, a koronavirusny disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus extremely kontagiozen also differs in high risk of transfer from the person to the person, and infection often happens in medical institutions and in house conditions.
Information on ways of transfer of a virus has primary value for prevention of an infection of SARS-CoV-2 and fight against epidemic. Though the main way of a SARS-CoV-2 broadcast — airborne (from respiratory tracts of the infected patient at close contact), transfer of a virus is possible also at touch to kontaminirovanny surfaces. If the drops allocated from respiratory tracts of sick COVID-19 are too big to remain in air in the form of aerosol, they settle on surrounding surfaces. If to touch such kontaminirovanny surface, and then to touch eyes, a nose or a mouth, it is possible to catch COVID-19.
The continuing fast development of a pandemic of COVID-19 speaks about existence of big problems with control of this disease and control of its distribution. As appears from WHO recommendations, not only drops from respiratory tracts, but also kontaminirovanny objects and surfaces can be the infection sources participating in its transfer. In the research conducted recently the evidence of high level of contamination of surfaces in the locations of patients with SARS-CoV-2 is obtained, so, it is possible to believe that in such environment there will be a transmission of infection.
As a rule, stability of a virus in external environment was estimated by results of imitating experiments which many factors influenced. Net results depended on a titre of a virus in an inoculum and inoculum volume.
If to speak about stability of SARS-CoV-2 on surrounding surfaces, then stability of SARS-CoV-2 on plastic, stainless steel, glass, ceramics, a tree, latex gloves and surgical masks is established. On these seven surfaces the virus kept viability within seven days. After 4 days of incubation on cotton fabric and after 5 days of incubation on paper infectious active virus did not manage to be allocated. In one hour in the conditions of incubation fast loss of infectious activity of a virus both on paper, and on cotton fabric was observed.
Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in Calais and urine such is that in different samples the adult's calla the viable virus is not found from 2 to 6 hours. However in a sample the child's calla a virus can keep viability within 2 days that, perhaps, demonstrates longer survival of a virus in Calais of children in comparison with a stake of adults. In SARS-CoV-2 urine was steadier, than in Calais — infectious active virus is found within 3 days in urine of adults, and within 4 days in the child's urine.
The possibility of a SARS-CoV-2 broadcast through excrement of the person, causes serious concern of the public. In descriptions of several researches it was reported about virus RNA presence in Calais of those patients in whom the virus ceased to be found in samples from respiratory tracts. In another research it is shown that the considered virus remains viable within several hours in Calais and within 3–4 hours in urine. As for allocation of a virus to receive it from samples the calla — a difficult task, despite high concentration of virus RNA. Until recently from samples a calla three strains of SARS-CoV-2 were successfully allocated. The short period of maintaining viability of SARS-CoV-2 in Calais technically complicates allocation of a virus from such samples. It is worth recommending to reduce as much as possible time from collecting a sample to allocation of a virus. So far few actual data about presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA at urine, and at the moment from samples of urine infectious active virus is not allocated. However there are messages about allocation of SARS-CoV which is in close relationship with SARS-CoV-2. Taking into account all these data the SARS-CoV-2 broadcast through excrement of the person is represented very probable.
Thus, results of researches testify to stability of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces in the environment and their ability to keep viability within several hours in Calais and within 3–4 days in urine. For reduction of risk of transfer of a virus effective hygienic processing of hands and disinfection of toilets is recommended.