Artificial ventilation of the lungs belongs to the category of invasive medical technologies. Carrying out IVL is often accompanied by use of various medical techniques and procedures, each of which separately or in common can influence a disease outcome considerably. During IVL the patient is completely dependent on the equipment and the personnel serving it. To increase safety during IVL and also to increase efficiency of the procedure in a hospital, the determined norms of equipment have to be observed by the equipment.
First of all it is necessary to notice that medical IVL can be carried out only in the conditions of specialized chambers of an intensive care and resuscitation which are equipped with an eyeliner of oxygen, compressed air and also a vacuum that is necessary for normal functioning of a respirator and other equipment. Besides, there are certain norms of medical personnel which perform treatment of such patients and care of them.
Existence of an eyeliner of oxygen is absolutely necessary that can be provided with the centralized distributing or use of oxygen concentrators. It allows to give to the patient respiratory mix from necessary oxygen concentrations and by that to avoid a hypoxia. Monitoring of oxygen concentration on a breath is some their obligatory types of monitoring when carrying out IVL.
In addition to oxygen, existence of an eyeliner of compressed air often is necessary (or use of the compressor of a respirator) that provides normal functioning of mechanical systems of modern fans.
Carrying out sanitation of a tracheobronchial tree and implementation of other procedures connected with need of creation of negative pressure requires existence of aspirators or the centralized vacuum eyeliner. The last is more preferable as such systems are always ready to work, allow to establish precisely the level of necessary depression and also are silent. In the absence of the centralized vacuum eyeliner, altenativny option is use of electroaspirators. In addition to aspirators existence of expendables is necessary for carrying out sanitation of a trakheorbronkhialny tree (aspiration catheters, connectors with port for aspiration, the closed aspiration systems and so on.
It is undoubted that a basic element of equipment for carrying out long artificial ventilation of the lungs is the respirator. Modern respirators differ depending on the producer and the functions which are carried out by them. Such respirator, as a rule, has a possibility of use of various modes of artificial ventilation of the lungs depending on pathology which is available for the patient. Respirators are counted on long functioning near the patient's bed, but on stationary conditions it is extremely important to have spare respirators on a case of failure of the main device.
Various rebreathing systems are intended for ensuring supply of respiratory mix from a respirator to the patient. They differ depending on material which is used for their production and also from type of the contour. Rebreathing systems can be disposable or reusable. Except actually rebreathing systems various adapters and connectors which allow to simulate such rebreathing system most of which suits the patient depending on a clinical situation are often necessary.
For moistening and heating of respiratory mix several options can be used. First, humidifiers for respiratory mixes which provide heating and respect of respiratory mix by means of water vapors can be used. Such humidifiers are provided by temperature maintenance of respiratory mix for a long time and also control temperature by means of special sensors. Secondly, special heatmoisture exchange filters which are in combination and bacterial can be used. Such filters put on on a rebreathing system between a contour and and an enotrakhealny or tracheostomy tube that provides a delay of the water vapor and heat going from the patient thereby represent an opportunity to keep temperature and humidity of respiratory mix.
Thus, it is possible to draw a conclusion that carrying out artificial ventilation of the lungs in the conditions of a hospital is the hi-tech procedure which demands use of a large number of the equipment and expendables and also involvement of a significant amount of personnel for work with them.