All people and in all languages of the world have such concept: "To inhale life", the description of revival by the child's prophet by a breath method "a mouth in a mouth" occurs in bible manuscripts. Originally this method was applied to newborns who in labor had an asphyxia. Paracelsus in 1530 carried out IVL by means of bellows which inflated fire in fireplaces. In 1774 Joseph Priestley for the first time received oxygen, and the new era of IVL began from now on. And since 1779 administration of oxygen by means of a mask and a respiratory bag for resuscitation of newborns of children was already carried out. In the same time the first resuscitation sets which entered were created: manual fur and various tubes for carrying out IVL. However, use of bellows for inflation of air in the patient's lungs quite often led to various complications, up to a rupture of a lung that led to falling of interest in this type of resuscitation. Therefore opening in 1821 by Frenchman Lerua Etyol of respiratory fur with a measured ruler which allowed to dose the volume of the air entered to the patient became break in practice of IVL and, practically, revived this method of resuscitation.
In 1931 there were first ventilators with the electric drive. As well as in many other branches of science, various cataclysms and troubles, only stimulated development of humanity. So poliomyelitis epidemic in the 40-50th years of the 20th century when at patients paralysis of respiratory muscles developed, demonstrated need of release of automatic devices for ventilation of the lungs. In literature the case when in 1952 in one of clinics of Copenhagen paralysis of respiratory muscles and, within 19 weeks more than 1400 students was diagnosed for 316 of 866 patients with poliomyelitis is described, working in shifts, carried out ventilation of the lungs in the manual mode by all this patient.
Technologies of times of World War II also made a big contribution to development of new devices for IVL. But, all the same, they were heavy and bulky, did not allow to support high pressure in respiratory tracts and to create positive pressure on an exhalation. In the USSR the device for IVL "RO-6" was in the sixties created. It was the modern, effective, easy to use device which was used up to creation of the equipment of the second generation of the 20th century. In these devices the systems of monitoring controlling a number of indicators were already used: breath volume, frequency of respiratory movements, pressure of respiratory mix. Besides, these devices already had various alarm signals working at the moments of failure in operation of the equipment.
Devices of the third generation appeared together with microelectronics. Considerably the number of various indicators of ventilation increased, appeared liquid crystal the display, also the arsenal of operating modes of devices due to creation of different pressure in the changing breath phases during the operation of the ventilator considerably extended.
In the period of COVID-19 pandemic the ventilator was the key equipment for all stationary offices in which there underwent treatment patients. It was connected with the fact that at this pathology heavy pneumonia with respiratory insufficiency immediately developed.
The present — a stage of the fourth generation of ventilators with a wide choice of operating modes and ample opportunities of monitoring of parameters of ventilation and a response of an organism of the patient to influence of the device. If it is simpler to speak, then ventilators of the fourth generation automatically adapt to breath of the patient. Ventilators a big variety, we will consider several models:
The Lufter 5 medical ventilator is intended for IVL both at adults, and at children in intensive care units and resuscitation. Works from network of power supply and the battery. Has various modes of ventilation of the lungs. Except the main functions the device can perform also additional functions: nebulizer, pulsoksimetriya, kapnometriya.
In recent years in our country the number of ventilators per capita considerably increased. It brought Russia to the level of one of the most provided countries in the world in terms of the number of ventilators in medical institutions per capita.